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In other words, it's a bet. .
The reverse is also true. If computational power is taken off of this network, the problem adjusts downward to make mining easier. .
"Say I tell three friends that I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 100, and I write that number on a sheet of paper and seal it in an envelope. My friends don't have to guess the specific number, they just have to be the very first person to guess any number that's less than or equal to this number I'm thinking of.
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"Let us say I'm thinking about the number 19. If Friend A guesses 21, they lose because 21>19. If Friend B guesses 16 and Friend C guesses 12, then they've both theoretically arrived at viable answers, since 16<19 and 12<19. There is no'extra credit' for Friend B, even though B's answer was closer to the target answer of 19. .
"Now imagine that I pose the'guess what number I'm thinking of' question, but I'm not asking just 3 friends, and I'm not thinking of a number between 1 and 100. Instead, I am asking millions of prospective miners and I am thinking about a 64-digit hexadecimal number. Now you see that it's going to be quite hard to guess the ideal answer." .
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If 1 in 7 trillion doesn't sound hard enough as is, here's the grab to the grab. Not only do bitcoin miners need to come up with the right hash, they also have to be the first to do it.
Because bitcoin mining is essentially guesswork, arriving at the right answer before another miner has almost everything to do with how fast your computer link can create hashes. Only a decade ago, bitcoin miners could be carried out competitively on normal desktop computers. Over time, however, miners realized that graphics cards commonly utilized for video games were more effective at mining than desktops and graphics processing units (GPU) came to dominate the match.
These can run from $500 into the tens of thousands. .
Nowadays, bitcoin mining is so competitive that it can only be done profitably using all the latest up-to-date ASICs. When using desktop computers, GPUs, or elderly models of ASICs, the cost of energy consumption actually exceeds the revenue generated. Even with the newest unit available, one pc is seldom enough to compete with what what miners call"mining pools." .
A mining pool is a group of miners that combine their computing ability and split the mined bitcoin between participants. A disproportionately large number of blocks are mined by pools rather than by individual miners. In July 2017, mining pools and companies represented approximately 80% to 90% of bitcoin computing power. .
Between 1 in 7 trillion chances, scaling difficulty levels, and also the massive network of consumers verifying transactions, one block of transactions is confirmed roughly every 10 minutes. However, its important to remember that 10 minutes is a goal, not a rule.
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The bitcoin network can process about seven transactions per second, with transactions being logged in the blockchain each 10 minutes. As the network of bitcoin consumers continues to grow, but the number of transactions made in 10 minutes will eventually exceed the number of transactions that can be processed in 10 minutes.
This issue at the center of the bitcoin protocol is known as scaling. Even though bitcoin miners generally agree that something has to be done to address scaling, there is less consensus regarding how can it. In the time of writing, there are two major solutions to the scaling problem, either (1) to decrease the amount of information needed to confirm each block or (2) to increase the number of transactions that each block can save.
Solution 2 will deal with scaling by allowing for more information to be processed each 10 minutes. .
In July 2017, bitcoin miners and mining companies representing roughly 80% to 90% of their networks computing power required to incorporate a program that would decrease the amount of information needed to verify each block. That is, they went with Solution 1.
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The app which miners voted to increase the bitcoin protocol is known as a segregated witness, or SegWit. This term is an amalgamation of Segregated, meaning to different, and Witness, which refers to signatures on a bitcoin transaction. Segregated Witness, then, means to separate transaction signatures from a block and join them as an extended block.